penalty n. 1.刑罰,懲罰。 2.罰款;違約罰金。 3.報(bào)應(yīng)。 4.【牌戲】罰點(diǎn);【體育】(犯規(guī))處罰。 5.(行為等造成的)困難、障礙、不利后果 (=handicap)。 a monetary penalty 罰款處分。 the penalty area 【足球】罰球區(qū)域。 a penalty box 【冰球】被罰暫時(shí)下場(chǎng)的球員坐席。 a penalty kick 【足球】罰球。 on [under] penalty of 違者受…處罰。
civil adj. 1.市民的,公民的;民用的;【法律】民事的;根據(jù)民法的,法律規(guī)定的。 2.國(guó)內(nèi)的,國(guó)民間的。 3.有禮貌的;文明的。 4.非軍職的,文職的,文官的。 5.非圣職的,非宗教的。 6.歷法規(guī)定的。 do the civil 行動(dòng)鄭重,為人誠(chéng)懇。 keep a civil tongue in one's head 說(shuō)話有禮貌。 say something civil 說(shuō)恭維話,說(shuō)應(yīng)酬話。 adv. -ly
The government can recover three times its losses plus civil penalties 而聯(lián)邦政府能獲得三倍于損失的賠償,以及民事罰金。
Offenders should face civil penalties , including disqualificatoin of company directors 違法者將接受民事處分,包括被取消董事資格。
Fixed emissions limits backed by criminal or civil penalties are an ineffective response to dispersed sources of pollution 而一定比例的排放限制,反而支援了犯罪,而民事罰款對(duì)于這些分散的污染源是而逃避罰款的人而言,是一個(gè)無(wú)效的反應(yīng)。
The rules dramatically change the way hospitals , doctors , health plans and pharmacies must handle personal health information . they also impose criminal and civil penalties for breaching patient privacy 這些條例將極大地改變現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院,醫(yī)生,護(hù)理實(shí)施,藥業(yè)對(duì)個(gè)人健康信息的處理方式。條例同時(shí)規(guī)定,如泄露病人隱私將受到民事和刑事處罰。
The rules dramatically change the way hospitals , doctors , health plans and pharmacies must handle personal health information . they also impose criminal and civil penalties for breaching patient privacy 這些條例將極限特大地轉(zhuǎn)變現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院,醫(yī)生大夫,護(hù)理實(shí)施,藥業(yè)對(duì)個(gè)人健康信息的處理方式。條例同時(shí)規(guī)矩,如暴露病人疾病患者隱私將受到民事和刑事處罰。
The article is on the basis of studying a mass of german original documentations , meticulous sorting and introducing strict logic deduction process of feuerbach ’ s “ theory of psychological compulsion ” : following feuerbach logical ideology , it begins with the concept of “ civil penalty ” , and analyzes that penalty is distinct from disciplinary and defence , civil penalty is different from the moral penalty , and then gradually deeply analyzes on the “ psychological compulsion ” , “ legal deterrence ” and “ determined penalties absolutely ” ideology and so on , and successively excludes or rejects “ physical compulsion ” and “ moral education ” , “ judicial deterrence ” means or methods . they were developed deeply and connected each other . on this basis of the process feuerbach ’ s “ theory of psychological compulsion ” logic deduction process is relatively completely on the face of the reader 本文在參閱大量德語(yǔ)原版文獻(xiàn)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)費(fèi)氏“心理強(qiáng)制說(shuō)”嚴(yán)密的邏輯論證過(guò)程進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的梳理和介紹:順著費(fèi)爾巴哈的邏輯思路,從“刑罰”和“市民刑罰”的概念入手,分析了刑罰與懲戒、防衛(wèi)以及市民刑罰與道德刑罰的區(qū)別,然后逐步深入分析闡述了“心理強(qiáng)制” 、 “法律威懾”以及“確定的刑罰法規(guī)絕對(duì)”等思想,并先后排除、否定了“物理強(qiáng)制” 、 “道德教育” 、 “司法威懾”等手段或者方式,層層遞進(jìn)、環(huán)環(huán)相扣,在此基礎(chǔ)上將費(fèi)氏“心理強(qiáng)制說(shuō)”的邏輯論證過(guò)程比較完整地呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前。
This dissertation takes feuerbachs meticulous logical structure as masterstroke , explains his whole deduction process , which from the conception of civil penalty to the theory of psychological coercion , again from law deterrence to the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime . and it also states that , feuerbach takes the external behavior for condemnatory object , obviates the intervention of sentiment , abandons moral punishment or moral principles , moreover , excludes judiciary arbitrariness by means of law restriction , besides , emphasizes law deterrence and creates the theory of psychological coercion , and as a result establishes the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime 本文以費(fèi)爾巴哈嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)縝密的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)為主線,梳理了其從市民刑罰概念的構(gòu)筑到心理強(qiáng)制說(shuō)的提出、再到確定刑罰法規(guī)中法律威懾思想的確立直至罪刑法定主義原則的整個(gè)推論過(guò)程,闡釋了費(fèi)爾巴哈把客觀的、外部的行為作為處罰的對(duì)象,排除情操的介入,把法律置于可罰性的絕對(duì)根據(jù)之中,擯棄道德性刑罰或道德性原理,通過(guò)把法官約束在法律之中的方式排斥了法官的恣意專斷,又強(qiáng)調(diào)法律的威懾,創(chuàng)立心理強(qiáng)制說(shuō),從而確立了罪刑法定主義的刑法思想。
百科解釋
A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing. The wrongdoing is typically defined by a codification of legislation, regulations, and decrees.